Which type of fracture leads to complete separation of the physeal plate?

The type of fracture that leads to complete separation of the physeal plate is a transverse fracture. This kind of fracture occurs at a right angle to the long axis of the bone, which allows for a clear division between the fragments. This complete separation can disrupt the growth plate, or physeal plate, which is crucial for the normal growth and development of bones in children and adolescents.

Transverse fractures involve a clean break that can lead to a complete separation rather than just a partial fracture or splintering that would be seen in other types, such as greenstick fractures, which do not fully separate the bone, or spiral fractures, which involve a twisting force and also don’t necessarily lead to complete separation of the physeal plate. Meanwhile, compression fractures are typically caused by axial loading and may not result in the same distinct separation of the growth plate. Therefore, the nature of a transverse fracture makes it specifically associated with a complete separation of the physeal plate.