Which condition is often described as having flattened diaphragms and hyperinflation on imaging?

Emphysema is characterized by the destruction of the alveoli, which leads to the loss of elastic recoil and over-distension of the air spaces. On imaging, this condition typically presents with flattened diaphragms due to the lungs being over-inflated. Hyperinflation refers to the abnormal increase in lung volume, which is particularly evident in emphysema, as the air trapping occurs during expiration. This results from the obstruction of airflow, making it difficult for air to leave the lungs.

In individuals with emphysema, the flattened diaphragm is often observable because the diaphragm expands downward less than normal, as the lungs are already expanded. The hyperinflation noted in imaging can lead to a barrel-shaped chest and is a hallmark finding in patients with emphysema, differentiating it from other respiratory conditions. Each of these features is critical for diagnosis and management in clinical practice.