Which are the common types of lung carcinoma?

Adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and small cell lung carcinoma are indeed the most prevalent types of lung carcinoma seen in clinical practice.

Adenocarcinoma arises from glandular tissue and is often associated with lung scarring and is the most common type of lung cancer, particularly in non-smokers. Squamous cell carcinoma originates from squamous cells, which are flat cells lining the lungs; it frequently develops in smokers and is linked with central lung lesions. Small cell lung carcinoma, known for its aggressive nature and strong association with smoking, typically originates in the central airways and can spread rapidly.

The other options provided do not represent common types of lung carcinoma. Osteosarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma refer to bone and muscle cancers, respectively. Basal cell carcinoma and melanoma are primarily skin cancers, not lung cancers. Neuroblastoma and retinoblastoma are pediatric tumors originating from neural cells and the retina, which are unrelated to lung carcinoma.