What histological change is primarily associated with squamous metaplasia?

Squamous metaplasia is characterized by the transformation of one type of epithelial cell into squamous epithelial cells. This process typically occurs as an adaptive response to chronic irritation or injury. Through this change, the tissue aims to provide a more robust barrier, often in response to factors such as chronic inflammation or exposure to harmful stimuli.

In the context of squamous metaplasia, the original epithelial cells—often columnar or cuboidal—are replaced by flat, squamous cells. This transformation can be seen in various tissues, such as the respiratory tract in response to irritants like smoke or in the cervix due to persistent inflammation.

Histologically, recognizing the replacement of the native epithelial type with squamous cells is essential for diagnosing squamous metaplasia, making the identification of this alteration a key element in understanding the condition.