How can chronic inflammation contribute to cancer development?

Chronic inflammation can significantly contribute to cancer development primarily through the mechanism of causing DNA damage. During chronic inflammation, the immune system is persistently activated, leading to the continuous production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and various inflammatory mediators. These substances can directly damage cellular components, including DNA. Over time, this DNA damage can result in mutations and other genetic alterations that disrupt normal cellular functions, potentially leading to malignant transformations and the development of tumors.

In addition, the ongoing inflammatory environment can create a cycle of cellular injury and repair. While the body attempts to heal and restore normal function, the repeated cycle of damage and repair further enhances the risk of additional mutations, making the cells more prone to cancerous changes. Thus, this connection underscores how chronic inflammation can act as a significant risk factor for cancer through its role in inducing DNA damage.